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Universal Urdu Poetry & Philosophy Urdu shayari

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Urdu poetry is known to the world of literature for its variety of theme, vitality of rhetoric and mellifluousness of lyrics. This genre of poetry in the soil of Pakistan has its tone and its pulse embedded in the cultural and political traditions of the country. Its poetics is identified by a cogent attachment to the history of that land also. Urdu poetry achieved fame in the 18th century when the state language Persian was replaced by Urdu as the official language. It has been highly influenced by the modernist movement that has swayed the worshippers of poetry across the world. The greatest Urdu poet was supposed to be Nazir who lived for 80 years. I those days there were scarcity of medium for communication among the common folks. As a result “shayari” came into existence as a means of expression for love, pain, joy and other universal human emotions. Urdu poetry has its patrons all over the world and it owes its universal recognition to some of the brightest supernovas of this genre.

1:Mirza Ghalib مرزا غالب

He is regarded as the brightest star in the firmament of Urdu Ghazal. Although during his lifetime Ghalib did not achieve as much eminence and acceptance as many renowned poets of the world, with time he became the most quoted versifier not only in Urdu literature but in world literature. His poetry has a unique blend of lyrical beauty, wit and unfathomed wealth of experiences of human life. Born in Agra on 27th December, 1797, the world at that point of time did not have even an iota of notion that this boy would someday become debatably the greatest legend of any poetry. Married at the tender age of only 13 to Umrao Begum, he went to settle at Delhi. Unfortunately Ghalib’s marriage was not a happy one and therefore in one of his letters he describes the institution of marriage as an imprisonment. His life has been tinged with the pathos of losing many important relationships of life- none of his seven children did survive their infancy. Ghalib was also a visionary who for the first time probably pointed out the Divide and Rule policy of the British on the regional and linguistic ground. He willfully rejected the invitation offered to him by the then British official Mr. Thomas to grace the post of Head of the Persian Department in Delhi College in 1842. He was thoroughly disturbed and tormented by the atrocities and bloodshed of 1857. He threw himself to a life of seclusion until his death on February 15, 1869.

2:Allama Iqbal علامہ اقبال

Allama Iqbal or Iqbal as he is widely called is one of the most articulated voices of 20th century in response to the modernist movement in poetry. He was a social reformer and a political activist and both these qualities are reflected through his writings. He is known as the poet of tomorrow and his writings contain something “that no one has told before”. He descended from a very rich cultural, literary, philosophical and religious heritage. His field of interest ranged from politics to philosophy, economics to art and from religion to universal brotherhood. Allama Iqbal was not only written prose on his own language but also in English. Although he is a noted prose writer on the soil of Pakistan, his medium of expressing his innermost feelings was poetry par excellence. His first book is Illm-ul-Iqtisad was written in 1903 in his mother tongue Urdu. His first book of verses was written in 1924 in the name Bang-i-Dara. It was followed by Bal-i-Jibril and Zarb-i-Kalim written respectively in the years 1935 and 1936. Some of the other noted works by this eminent author of all times are- Asrar-i-Khudi, Zabr-i-Ajam, Payam-i-Mashriq, Zabur-i-Ajam and many more. Most of these books were written in Persian and some are in Urdu. His adeptness in English is testified in his masterpieces – The Development of Metaphysics in Persia, The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam et al. the topics that the great intellect has dealt with insight and analytical skill are Free Will, Conception of God and Prayer, Human Ego, Knowledge and similar philosophical issues. His famous lines are:
“Beware of the foresight of the believer for he sees with the Divine Light”.

3:Meer Taqui Meerمِیر تقیمِیر

Meer Taqi Meer or Muhammad Taqi was born in 1723 in Arga and is arguably regarded as the prophet of Urdu poetry. He was also the foremost Urdu poet of 18th century who is known to have pioneered and contributed in Urdu language sumptuously. He is also known as Khuda-e-Sukhan which means God of poetry. He was the principal poet in the Delhi School of Urdu Ghazals. The principal source of information about Meer Taqi Meer’s life is his autobiography Zikr-e-Mir. The life of this great prophet of poetry was shaped by the ideals of his father who was himself a religious man. It was from his father that Meer Taqi Meer had learned the value of love and mercy and adhered to the basic humanitarian principles throughout his life. At the age of 16, Meer left Agra for Delhi. His two famous masnavis are Mu’amlat-e-ishq and Khwab-o-khayal-e-Mir. Both these poems were written in the first person. Mir spent the major part of his life in Delhi. His facility in Urdu, Sanskrit, Persian and Arabic has been reflected through his poems in each of these languages. He migrated to Lucknow in the year 1782 and resided there for the remaining part of his life. Intense penury and tormented personal life gradually pushed Meer-taqi-Meer towards the periphery on insanity. But it is unanimously opined by even the most vehement of his critics that it is during this unstable state of mind that this great shayar wrote some of his best couplets. He died on 21st September 1810 due to an overdose of purgative.

4:Faiz Ahmed Faizفیض احمد فیض

Faiz Ahmed Faiz was born on 3rd February in the year 1911 in Sialkot of undivided India, now in Pakistan. He was born to affluent parents Sultan Fatima and Sultan Muhammad Khan. His father was a successful lawyer who died shortly after the birth of Faiz. Sultan Muhammad had an acquaintance with the nationalist poet of Pakistan Allama Iqbal because he was a member of the elite intellectual circle of his country. Faiz was graduated in Arabic and completed his masters in English from the government college at Lahore in 1932. He also completed masters in Arabic from the Oriental College at Lahore. After completion of his academic discipline, Faiz started his teaching career first in the Amritsar College and then at Hailey College at Lahore. Faiz was an avowed Marxist intellectual who was also a member of the Communist Party of Pakistan and the Progressive Writers’ Movement. He received the Lenin Peace Prize in 1962 from the Soviet Union. Although he was a known atheist, his poems are brewed with elements of Sufi tradition of the South Asia. His poems are a superb blend of traditional rhetoric and romantic realism. Contemporary socio-political issues have also been a major theme in most of his poems. Some of the masterpieces created by the poetic marvel of Urdu language are- Daste Saba, Zindan Nama, Sare Wadiye Seena, Shame Sher Yaran, Nuksha Hai Wafa et al. Faiz Ahmed Faiz was nominated for the Nobel Prize before his death in 1984 at Lahore. He is one of the best selling Urdu poets both in India and Pakistan.

5:Ahmed Faraz احمد فراز

Ahmed Faraz is regarded as the most promising modern Urdu poet of 20th century in Pakistan. His real name is Syed Ahmed Shah and Faraz is his pen name in which he has composed some of the most beautiful verses. He was born on 12th January, in 1931 at Kohat in Pakistan. Often this great legendary versifier is compared with another great seer of modern Urdu Poetry Faiz Ahmed Faiz for his poetic diction and approach. Ahmed Faraz studied in the Edward College and then completed his post graduation in Persian and Urdu- the two classical languages from the University of Peshawar. Later he worked as a lecturer at the same university. He was the descendant of the family of “Haji Bahadur” who was a renowned prophet at Kohat. The two stalwarts in Urdu poetry namely Faiz Ahmed Faiz and Ali Sardar Jafri influenced him greatly in composing his verses. During the Zia-ul-Haque era he went on self imposed exile being accused of reciting poems on Mushaira on protest of the military rule. He lived for 6 years in countries like England, Canada and Europe. When he returned to Pakistan he was awarded the Chairman Academy of Letters and then the chairperson of the National Book Foundation at Islamabad. He was awarded the Hilal-e-imtiaz prize in 2004 by the Pakistani government but he returned the prize as a sign of protest against the policies of the government. On 25th August 2008, the journey of this poet came to an end after enduring prolonged ailment.

These poets by their phenomenal poetic exuberance have enriched the world of Urdu poetry in Pakistan and have won the accolade of lovers of shayari from all corners of the world. Urdu poetry is identified with their sweetness of lyrics and expression of love and despair. Poets like Ghalib, Faiz Ahmed, Allama Iqbal and others will remain immortal in the hearts of unnumbered patrons of Urdu shayari till eternity for their contribution in this genre of poems.

Universal Urdu Poetry & Philosophy Urdu shayari